Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Subcellular Structure & Organelle Proteomics

  Cells are not only the fundamental units of life but also highly organized systems with well-defined structural and functional compartmentalization. Each organelle executes specialized biological functions within distinct spatial domains. Processes such as mitochondrial energy metabolism and protein modification within the Golgi apparatus critically depend on the precise subcellular localization and tightly regulated expression of specific proteins. As proteomics technologies continue to advance, conv......

• • Glycoprotein Characterization Methods by Mass Spectrometry

  Glycosylation is among the most complex and prevalent post-translational modifications of proteins and plays critical roles in a wide range of biological processes, including protein folding, signal transduction, intercellular recognition, and disease pathogenesis. In pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and viral infections, glycoproteins often exhibit disease-specific alterations in glycosylation patterns, making them important targets for biomarker discovery and targeted dr......

• • Analysis of Glycosylation Sites

  Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent and functionally diverse post-translational modifications of proteins. It plays critical roles in regulating protein stability, cell signaling, immune recognition, and a wide range of other biological processes. Comprehensive characterization of glycosylation sites and their associated glycan structures is essential for elucidating disease mechanisms, identifying reliable biomarkers, and rationally designing therapeutic proteins. However, due to the pronounce......

• • WB-Based Exosome Verification

  Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles with diameters ranging from approximately 30 to 150 nm. They are secreted by diverse cell types via the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and are widely distributed in biological fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. In recent years, exosomes have attracted increasing attention due to their important roles in intercellular communication as well as their potential applications in disease diagnosis and therapeutic targeting. Given the subst......

• • What to Consider When Choosing an MS Platform for Membrane Protein Identification?

  Membrane proteins play essential roles in cellular signal transduction, molecular transport, and immune recognition. Nevertheless, their pronounced hydrophobicity, low abundance, and complex structural features have long posed significant challenges for isolation and identification in proteomics research.  However, substantial differences exist among MS platforms with respect to achievable proteome depth, sensitivity, throughput, and reproducibility. Technical Challenges in Membrane Protein Research ......

• • What Are the Quantitative Methods for Proteomics?

  Quantitative proteomics is a central analytical approach for investigating changes in protein expression and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, this field has rapidly evolved to encompass a broad range of high-resolution and high-sensitivity strategies. A clear understanding of the available protein quantification methods, their suitable experimental contexts, and appropriate selection criteria is therefore essential. In the following sections, we systematically summarize the major......

• • How to Map Proteins Across Cellular Compartments Using Mass Spectrometry?

  Cells are highly organized systems in which the spatial distribution of proteins is often a key determinant of their biological function. The same protein may perform entirely different roles when localized to mitochondria versus the nucleus. Consequently, systematic mapping of protein distributions across distinct cellular compartments represents a central objective in basic life science research and serves as a critical foundation for elucidating disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic target......

• • How to Perform Subcellular Fractionation for Proteomics Analysis?

  Subcellular fractionation represents a critical sample preparation step in proteomics research and is particularly well suited for the investigation of organelle-specific proteomes, including those of mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus. This approach enables the systematic exploration of protein spatial localization, functional compartmentalization, and dynamic relocalization within cells. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, commonl......

• • Why Is Lysine Acylation Considered a Key Post-Translational Modification (PTM)?

  Lysine acylation represents a class of post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring on lysine residues and encompasses the canonical acetylation as well as multiple newly characterized acylation types (including propionylation, butyrylation, valerylation, malonylation, succinylation, and others). In recent years, the advancement of high-resolution mass spectrometry has enabled broad detection and characterization of these modifications and has established lysine acylation as an important molecula......

• • Advantages and Disadvantages of DIA in Phosphoprotein Quantification

  In the context of post-translational modification (PTM) research, phosphorylation has been a focal topic due to its essential involvement in cellular signaling regulation, cell-cycle control, and other dynamic biological processes. Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA), representing a newer generation of mass spectrometry (MS) data acquisition strategies, is increasingly adopted for quantitative phosphoproteomics because of its high throughput, enhanced reproducibility, and reduced stochastic sampling. W......