Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • How to Analyze Histone β-Hydroxybutyrylation by LC-MS/MS?

  Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provides a highly sensitive and specific method for analyzing histone β-hydroxybutyrylation (β-hydroxybutyrylation, Kbhb), enabling the elucidation of key roles of epigenetic modifications in metabolic regulation and disease. Histone β-hydroxybutyrylation is a recently identified lysine post-translational modification, with its acyl group derived from the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). This modification is closely linked to energy metabol......

• • What Is Histone β-Hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb)?

  Histone β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb, lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation) is a novel post-translational modification (PTM) characterized by the covalent attachment of a β-hydroxybutyryl group to lysine residues (Lys), representing a type of short-chain fatty acid acylation. The discovery of Kbhb reveals a direct link between cellular metabolites and epigenetic regulation, emerging as a research focus at the intersection of epigenetics and metabolomics in recent years. Chemical Nature and Formation Mechanism......

• • Applications of Bottom-Up Proteomics in Clinical Research

  Proteins directly reflect cellular states, disease progression, and therapeutic responses. With the rapid advancement of mass spectrometry technologies, Bottom-Up proteomics has become a key methodological approach in clinical research for investigating disease mechanisms, discovering biomarkers, and optimizing personalized treatment strategies. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the major applications of Bottom-Up proteomics in clinical research and introduces how MtoZ Biolabs delivers pre......

• • Top 6 Tools to Analyze Bottom-Up Proteomics Data More Efficiently

  In Bottom-Up proteomics (also referred to as shotgun proteomics), protein samples are enzymatically digested and analyzed in the form of peptides, from which the corresponding proteins are subsequently inferred. This workflow involves multiple steps, including mass spectrometry data processing, peptide identification, protein inference, and quantitative analysis. In Bottom-Up proteomics, the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis directly influence the depth and reliability of research outcomes. The......

• • Which Sample Preparation Methods Improve Histone Phosphorylation Detection?

  In epigenetics and cell signaling research, histone phosphorylation remains challenging to analyze because of its low abundance, highly dynamic nature, and site diversity. Compared with conventional proteomics workflows, the detection of histone phosphorylation is more strongly dependent on sample preparation quality. A poorly designed sample preparation workflow often results in signal loss, limited site coverage, or poor data reproducibility. Which sample preparation methods, then, can significantly......

• • How Are Histone Phosphorylation Sites Identified?

  Histones constitute critical components of chromatin, and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for regulating gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and the cell cycle. Among these modifications, phosphorylation is a dynamic and rapidly responsive PTM that is crucial for biological processes such as DNA damage repair and mitosis. Accurate identification of histone phosphorylation sites is a foundational step for systematically investigating their biological significance. Challe......

• • What Is Histone Phosphorylation?

  In eukaryotic cells, DNA is not present as naked molecules but is wrapped around histone octamers to form nucleosomes, the fundamental units of chromatin. Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation, represent key regulatory mechanisms governing chromatin structure and function. Histone phosphorylation, characterized by its highly dynamic and signal-dependent nature, plays essential roles in transcriptional activation, DNA damage response, a......

• • How to Analyze Histone Phosphorylation Using Mass Spectrometry?

  Histone phosphorylation is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) in epigenetic research, playing essential roles in regulating chromatin structure, gene expression, DNA damage repair, and the cell cycle. Mass spectrometry (MS) is among the most sensitive and high-throughput techniques for studying histone modifications, enabling precise identification and quantification of phosphorylation sites. Detailed Workflow for Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Histone Phosphorylation 1. Sample Preparati......

• • Protein-Protein Interactions: Analytical Techniques and Biological Significance

  In the cellular microenvironment, proteins rarely act in isolation; instead, they collectively govern a wide range of biological processes through dynamic and intricate interaction networks, termed protein-protein interactions (Protein-Protein Interactions, PPIs). From signal transduction and metabolic regulation to cell-cycle control and disease pathogenesis, PPIs constitute a foundational mode of molecular organization and regulation in living systems. Accordingly, systematic interrogation of PPI ne......

• • What Are Common Pitfalls in Interpreting Acylation Proteomics Data?

  Protein acylation is one of the major areas of post-translational modification (PTM) research in recent years. It encompasses multiple forms, including acetylation, propionylation, and butyrylation, and plays critical roles in regulating chromatin architecture, metabolic pathways, and signal transduction. With advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry, researchers are now able to systematically identify and quantify acylation sites at the proteome-wide level. However, during data interpretation, s......